What is meant by "surface subsidence" in mining?

The term "surface subsidence" specifically refers to the sinking or settling of the ground above a mined area. This phenomenon typically occurs after mining operations have removed material from beneath the surface, leading to instability in the overlying ground. As the support structure that holds up the surface is compromised, it can no longer bear the weight of what is above, resulting in a collapse or settling of the land directly over the mined area.

Understanding surface subsidence is crucial in the context of mining because it can have significant implications for safety, land use, and environmental impact. When subsidence occurs, it can affect infrastructure, agricultural land, and natural ecosystems, creating challenges for both miners and the communities surrounding mining operations. Thus, recognizing the potential for surface subsidence is an essential aspect of responsible mining practices and land management.